Non Epileptic Seizures - Patient 1

Dominique Parain MD PhD
 

History

This 12 year-old patient presents multiple explosive seizures, with great agitation, repeatedly (about 20 times per day) in a context due to harassment at school. He quickly went to the West Indies and was transferred to the nearby CHU resuscitation service. It was considered the patient had a state of epileptic disease and was put into therapeutic coma under high doses of phenobarbital IV. While the patient's seizures eventually decreased in frequency, they still continued many times during the day. The patient also experienced a lot of trouble walking. The patient was then transferred to the Kremlin Bicêtre Hospital in Paris where a video EEG record showed a diagnosis of non-epileptic seizures. Despite psychiatric care, no improvement was made.

 

Clinical Description

The patient was then transferred to the CHU in Rouen (2 months after the onset of his seizures). The video EEG, again practical (see Video 1), confirms the diagnosis of non-epileptic seizures. Walking has become normal again. There is no obvious psychopathology.

 

Video 1

Magnetic Stimulation and evolution

The patient would undergo 2 sessions of transcranial magnetic stimulation, wide Field, (60 shocks at 1 Hz) per day during 4 successive days. The seizures definitely stopped. He was able to go back to the West Indies and there was no relapse.

 

Comments

So-called "non-epileptic" seizures can be considered as the inverse of epileptic seizures but with protests that may be similar. In the latter, there exists neuronal hyperactivity in some areas of the brain with Hyper-synchrony. In non-epileptic seizures, there are phenomena of de-synchronisations and disconnections that cause certain areas of the brain to lose control (in accordance with dissociative theory) which can result in either excessive agitation or on the contrary, an immobility. Emotional stress can promote a moderate head trauma. Magnetic stimulation can help to reconnect. This patient also presented a deficiency in muscular strength of the lower limbs of functional origin (association of symptoms) which also regressed.
 
 

Non Epileptic Seizures - Patient 2

Dominique Parain MD PhD
 

History

This 16-year-old patient, who probably experienced psychological stress during childhood, developed multiple weekly hyper-motor seizures with no obvious triggering factor. The patient was first considered to be epileptic. The anti-epileptic treatment did stop the seizures for 3 months (placebo effect?) Then, despite ongoing treatment, the seizures reappeared with the same frequency.

 

Clinical Description

The patient's neurological condition was normal. But the patient was absent from school due to their seizures. The patient felt tired in an unusual way, with a feeling of heavy limbs, and complained of concentration disorders. A video EEG was practiced that confirmed the diagnosis of brief non-epileptic seizures with consciousness disorder and violent pelvic movements (see video 1). This type of crisis is never of epileptic origin.

 

Video 1

Magnetic Stimulation and evolution

This patient would undergo 3 sessions of transcranial magnetic stimulation, wide field, and peripherals on the limbs and back, for a period of 3 days in a row. The seizures disappeared for 2 months, and then fatigue came back before the seizures reappeared. It would take 6 identical sessions, spaced approximately 2 months apart for the seizures to disappear entirely. The anti-epileptic treatment was terminated. The patient had a psychiatric follow-up that did not highlight any significant psychopathology.

 

Comments

This patient clearly showed seizures that testified to a major control disorder, both of certain motor and consciousness networks. A dissociative phenomenon is very likely, favoured by prior emotional stress. The exact reason for the onset of non-epileptic seizures is unknown at this time, but wide field transcranial magnetic stimulation can help control dissociative phenomena. Fatigue is very often associated with non-epileptic seizures. After a central and peripheral stimulation session, patients often experience a boost in energy. The effect can be transient for a while before regaining full control. The recurrence of seizures is always preceded by the return of an unusual state of fatigue.