This 12 year-old patient presents multiple explosive seizures, with great
agitation, repeatedly (about 20 times per day) in a context due to harassment at
school. He quickly went to the West Indies and was transferred to the nearby CHU
resuscitation service. It was considered the patient had a state of epileptic
disease and was put into therapeutic coma under high doses of phenobarbital IV.
While the patient's seizures eventually decreased in frequency, they still
continued many times during the day. The patient also experienced a lot of
trouble walking. The patient was then transferred to the Kremlin Bicêtre
Hospital in Paris where a video EEG record showed a diagnosis of non-epileptic
seizures. Despite psychiatric care, no improvement was made.
Clinical Description
The patient was then transferred to the CHU in Rouen (2 months after the onset
of his seizures). The video EEG, again practical (see Video 1), confirms the
diagnosis of non-epileptic seizures. Walking has become normal again. There is
no obvious psychopathology.
Video 1
Magnetic Stimulation and evolution
The patient would undergo 2 sessions of transcranial magnetic stimulation, wide
Field, (60 shocks at 1 Hz) per day during 4 successive days. The seizures
definitely stopped. He was able to go back to the West Indies and there was no
relapse.
Comments
So-called "non-epileptic" seizures can be considered as the inverse of epileptic
seizures but with protests that may be similar. In the latter, there exists
neuronal hyperactivity in some areas of the brain with Hyper-synchrony. In
non-epileptic seizures, there are phenomena of de-synchronisations and
disconnections that cause certain areas of the brain to lose control (in
accordance with dissociative theory) which can result in either excessive
agitation or on the contrary, an immobility. Emotional stress can promote a
moderate head trauma. Magnetic stimulation can help to reconnect. This patient
also presented a deficiency in muscular strength of the lower limbs of
functional origin (association of symptoms) which also regressed.
Non Epileptic Seizures - Patient 2
Dominique Parain MD PhD
History
This 16-year-old patient, who probably experienced psychological stress during
childhood, developed multiple weekly hyper-motor seizures with no obvious
triggering factor. The patient was first considered to be epileptic. The
anti-epileptic treatment did stop the seizures for 3 months (placebo effect?)
Then, despite ongoing treatment, the seizures reappeared with the same frequency.
Clinical Description
The patient's neurological condition was normal. But the patient was absent from
school due to their seizures. The patient felt tired in an unusual way, with a
feeling of heavy limbs, and complained of concentration disorders. A video EEG
was practiced that confirmed the diagnosis of brief non-epileptic seizures with
consciousness disorder and violent pelvic movements (see video 1). This type of
crisis is never of epileptic origin.
Video 1
Magnetic Stimulation and evolution
This patient would undergo 3 sessions of transcranial magnetic stimulation, wide
field, and peripherals on the limbs and back, for a period of 3 days in a row.
The seizures disappeared for 2 months, and then fatigue came back before the
seizures reappeared. It would take 6 identical sessions, spaced approximately 2
months apart for the seizures to disappear entirely. The anti-epileptic
treatment was terminated. The patient had a psychiatric follow-up that did not
highlight any significant psychopathology.
Comments
This patient clearly showed seizures that testified to a major control disorder,
both of certain motor and consciousness networks. A dissociative phenomenon is
very likely, favoured by prior emotional stress. The exact reason for the onset
of non-epileptic seizures is unknown at this time, but wide field transcranial
magnetic stimulation can help control dissociative phenomena. Fatigue is very
often associated with non-epileptic seizures. After a central and peripheral
stimulation session, patients often experience a boost in energy. The effect can
be transient for a while before regaining full control. The recurrence of
seizures is always preceded by the return of an unusual state of fatigue.