This 44-year-old patient, who used to do a lot of athletics and dance with
soupleness, has for 2 years presented symptoms of fibromyalgia, with the absence
of any obvious triggering factor. Since then she has progressively shown signs
of stiffness in the hands, shoulders, neck, hips and back, prooving very
disabling. Before the stimulation sessions began, her average daily pain
threshold was about 7/10. Since, she feels tired, with a functional colopathie.
Clinical Description
We can see she has great difficulty in raising her arms in the air, turning her
neck. She cannot lean forwards. The squatting position is almost impossible (see
video 1).
video 1
Magnetic Stimulation and Evolution
A classical wide Field transcranial stimulation was carried out in a classic way
and a peripheral stimulation at 4 Hz on both the painful regions and on the
stiff areas. After the stimulation (see video 2) there is a disappearance of the
stiffness. She can raise her arms very easily. She turns her neck without any
difficulty. She can bend forwards until she touches the ground with her hands
and the squatting position is no longer a problem for her. After the
stimulation, she was to experience a state of fatigue that worsened over a few
hours, but improved the following day. In the days that followed, her pain
threshold reduced significantly to around 3/10 as a daily average.
video 2
Comments
This patient therefore presents a fibromyalgia with a particularly intense
stiffness that lasts throughout the day. Often, with a fibromyalgia, any
stiffness usually only exists in the morning. She is very limited in all her
daily activities because of this stiffness that is associated with pain.
Peripheral stimulation resulted in an immediate and very important improvement
of any stiffness. She indicated a decrease in pain during the following days and
was, for several weeks, less tired. Constipation decreased. At the moment it is
necessary to repeat the stimulation sessions every month because the symptoms
gradually reappear after the third week following the stimulation session.
Fibromyalgia - Patient 2
Dominique Parain MD PhD
History
To illustrate the mode of stimulation used in fibromyalgia, I present you this
54-year-old patient who has had for 4 years fibromyalgia with diffused pain, in
all four limbs, in her back and in her neck.
Central Stimulation
The concave circular coil is used, with its center placed on the vertex. 60
stimulations at 1 Hz at the engine threshold (see video 1).
video 1
Peripheral Stimulation
It is stimulated with a flat circular coil with internal cooling (if possible)
on the various painful points of the limbs, i.e. hips, thighs, knees, calves,
ankles (see video 2), shoulders, shoulder blades and Lumbar region (see video
3), elbows, hands and also the neck (see video 4). It is usual to stimulate at 3
Hz with the intensity at the pain threshold. The internal cooling of the coil
allows us to stimulate longer without heating the coil.
video 2
video 3
video 4
Results
The patient said she felt an 80% improvement from the stimulation that lasted
some two months. We must therefore repeat this type of stimulation in order to
maintain its effect.
Comments
Two thirds of patients will respond significantly to this type of stimulation,
that is to say with an average of at least 2 points less pain daily (oral
presentation at the French Society of Rheumatology in 2014). To determine if a
patient responds to this technique, at least three stimulation sessions are
required at three week intervals between each session. If we don't see the 2
points less pain after these three sessions, I do not propose to continue this
type of treatment. For the others, who are therefore responding to magnetic
stimulation, the sessions will have to be repeated regularly with an interval
varying from one and a half to three months in order to maintain the effects of
the stimulation. For these other patients, the decrease in the average daily
pain threshold is usually between 3 and 5 out of ten. Repeating the sessions can
progressively lengthen this interval. On the other hand, most patients
experience a significant effect on their stiffness from this stimulation. There
is also a frequent decrease in headaches. When functional colopathie exists,
there is often an improvement.
Fibromyalgia - Patient 3
Dominique Parain MD PhD
History
This patient presents a diffused fibromyalgia over four years. She feels like
she has a carcass around her that make any movement steep and very difficult.
This stiffness is especially present in the morning. She struggles to get up
from sitting in a chair and crouching (see Video 1). The hands are very stiff
and she often drops objects. There is a predominant tremor on the right hand
(see video 2). She has trouble writing (see video 3).
video 1
video 2
video 3
Mode of Stimulation
A central stimulation was carried out at 1 Hz at the engine threshold (see video
4). Then we undertook peripheral stimulations on the painful areas, especially
the hips (see video 5), the thighs, the knees, the shoulders and shoulder
blades, the lumbar region and the neck. In particular, we stimulated the hands
(see video 6).
video 4
video 5
video 6
Results
After the different types of stimulation, we observe the patient is much more
flexible. She can easily rise from a chair and crouch repeatedly. She writes
much more easily. She opens and closes her hands more easily. The trembling of
the right hand has disappeared (see video 7).
video 7
Comments
It is frequently observed that, with fibromyalgia patients, any stiffness
diffuses as well as pain. This stiffness leads to awkwardness. Central and
peripheral stimulation can immediately have a significant effect. The effect of
stimulation often has a limited duration and I have to stimulate this patient
every month and a half to maintain a satisfactory clinical situation. After each
stimulation session, the immediate improvement is identical.
Fibromyalgia - Patient 4
Dominique Parain MD PhD
History
A 51 year old patient with Fibromyalgia for the past 5 years, with no specific
triggering factor.
Clinical Description
She is experiencing diffused pain in the hips, thighs, knees and ankles.
Equally, her wrists, elbows, shoulders, lumbar area and neck all hurt. The
average daily pain threshold is 8/10. There exists a very large stiffness in the
hands (she has trouble writing, extending and lifting arms), in the elbows and
neck (video 1). Equally, there exists a functional colopathie.
video 1
Magnetic Stimulation and Evolution
After large-field central magnetic stimulation, there is some improvement of the
stiffness in the hands, but very little improvement in her elbows, shoulders and
neck (video 2). After peripheral stimulation at 3Hz, at the pain threshold on
these different regions, immediate improvement, after 1 session, on the
stiffness was very important (Video 3). The pain decreased after a few days to
an average daily level of 3/10. It is necessary to repeat these stimulations
every 2 months because the effect disappears after this period of time.
Functional Colopathie (especially constipation) is also greatly improved by
stimulation at 3Hz on the abdomen.
video 2
video 3
Comments
It is classic, in patients with fibromyalgia, to observe a morning stiffness,
especially in the hands, knees and hips. Sometimes this stiffness can be
permanent and disabling, with difficulty in closing the hands (where the fingers
can be swollen), extending elbows and lifting arms as with this patient. Almost
constantly, peripheral stimulation at 3Hz, made at the pain threshold on these
regions, improves the situation.
Fibromyalgia - Patient 5
Dominique Parain MD PhD
History
A 54 year old patient with fibromyalgia for the past 10 years, with no specific
triggering factor.
Clinical Description
She presents diffused pain, just like the previous patient (Patiente 4). The
average daily pain threshold is 6/10. There is a very large stiffness in the
hands, elbows, shoulders and the neck (see video 1).
video 1
Magnetic Stimulation and Evolution
After large field central magnetic stimulation, there is no significant
immediate improvement of the stiffness. After peripheral stimulation at 3Hz, at
the pain threshold, on these different regions, immediate improvement, after 1
session, on the stiffness was very important (see video 2). The pain will also
decrease after a few days to an average daily level of 2/10. It is necessary to
repeat these stimulations every 2 months because the effect disappears after
this period of time.
video 2
Comments
It is classic, in patients with fibromyalgia, to observe a morning stiffness,
especially in the hands, knees and hips. Sometimes this stiffness can be
permanent and disabling, with difficulty in closing the hands (where the fingers
can be swollen), extending elbows and lifting arms as with this patient. Almost
constantly, peripheral stimulation at 3Hz, made at the pain threshold on these
regions, improves the situation.
Fibromyalgia - Patient 6
Dominique Parain MD PhD
History
Mostly muscular pains that have appeared gradually over 10 years with no
particular triggering factor. This patient also complains of stiffness,
especially at the level of the hips. He was investigated in several University
Hospital Centres in Rouen and Paris. All the investigations were normal but the
formal diagnosis of fibromyalgia was never made. He was placed on disability. He
was previously an ardent walker, while currently his distance is very limited.
He can no longer run and has trouble crouching (see video 1). He has a lot of
difficulty climbing the stairs.
video 1
Magnetic Stimulation
Large field central magnetic stimulation did not alter , in a clear way, any
discomfort in walking.
Peripheral magnetic stimulation at 3Hz, using a maximum pain threshold,
essentially on the lumbar regions, hips and limbs, will transform the situation.
Results
After the stimulation, he was able to run as he had not done so in 10 years, and
he could crouch up and down several times without any difficulty (see video 2).
He needed to be stimulated regularly every two months to maintain the effect.
video 2
Comments
As with previous patients, peripheral magnetic stimulation is a major role in
the improvement of stiffness, which with this patient was extremely disabling.
The considerable improvement of the clinical situation under central and
peripheral magnetic stimulation is a very strong argument in favour of a
functional pathology of a fibromyalgia type. Fibromyalgia can be diagnosed with
purely muscular pain, without any real joint pain.
Fibromyalgia - Patient 7
Dominique Parain MD PhD
History
A patient aged 35 years with fibromyalgia over the past 3 years, which occurred
gradually following childbirth.
Clinical Description
She presents diffused pain with a daily average pain threshold of 7/10. She has
trouble walking to do the shopping, to take care of her child, and to undertake
everyday life routine tasks. There is a very large stiffness in the hands,
shoulders and the neck (see video 1). Two months before this consultation, she
made a severe left sensitive motor deficit, almost completely regressive, but a
left hypoesthesia and a more pronounced motor disorder at the level of the leg
and foot persist. She has trouble moving her toes and in recognising the
position of her big toe (see videos 2 and 3).
video 1
video 2
video 3
Magnetic Stimulation and Evolution
After large field central magnetic stimulation, there is no significant
immediate improvement of the stiffness in the hands, neck and the left foot.
After peripheral stimulation of these different regions, at 3Hz at the pain
threshold, in a single session, immediate improvement on the stiffness was very
significant. After more prolonged stimulation on the left foot, the sensitivity
and the motricity of the foot will normalise itself (see video 4).
video 4
Comments
It is a classic observation, in patients with fibromyalgia, to observe a morning
stiffness, especially in the hands, knees and hips. Sometimes this stiffness can
be permanent and disabling, with difficulty in closing the hands (where the
fingers can be swollen), lifting the arms and turning the neck, as with this
patient. Almost constantly, peripheral stimulation at 3Hz, done at the pain
threshold on these regions, improves the situation. Two months before this
consultation, this patient made a severe left sensitive motor deficit, obviously
functional (imagery was normal) with persistence of some symptoms. Peripheral
magnetic stimulation allowed full recovery of the deficiency (which confirms the
diagnosis of a functional neurological disorder). It will be necessary to repeat
regularly every 2 or 3 months stimulation sessions to improve the fibromyalgia.